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Manage plaque psoriasis by knowing all about it

Plaque psoriasis is an autoimmune condition in which symptoms are easy to identify and hard to ignore as they can cause intense irritation. They usually appear around joints like the elbows and knees, the scalp, and the trunk. This condition is most commonly diagnosed among men and women between the ages of 18 and 25. Although it can’t be cured, plaque psoriasis, once diagnosed, can be treated and managed to reduce the frequency and severity of flare-ups.

Types
The condition can be categorized as “small” and “large” plaque psoriasis, depending on the extent to which it affects the skin.

In the case of the former, the plaques are no bigger than a few centimeters in diameter and appear pinkish in color with a finer scale.
Large plaque psoriasis can be described as large, well-defined plaques that are reddish in color with silvery scales.

The disease may also be categorized as localized and general.

Localized psoriasis has plaques limited to a particular part of the body, such as the elbows or knees.
Generalized psoriasis is characterized by plaques on the joints as well as the scalp and trunk.

Symptoms
The symptoms of plaque psoriasis may vary from person to person. They do not appear with the same frequency or intensity and usually last for a few weeks to a few months before improving. However, with time, the symptoms will come back and the cycle will repeat itself.

The common signs of this disease include

Red, raised patches on the skin
Patches with silvery scales and well-defined edges
Cracked skin that may bleed
Itchiness
Burning sensation around the skin
Soreness of joints
Nails that appear thicker or ridged
Swelling of the joints

The size of these patches ranges from the size of a coin to the size of your palm. These patches typically appear on the

elbows,
knees,
scalp,
lower back,
palms,
soles, and
face.

Causes
Plaque psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that affects skin cells. Autoimmune diseases are conditions wherein the immune system cannot differentiate between healthy cells and foreign bodies, such as bacteria and viruses. Instead of attaching harmful germs, it releases antibodies that attack healthy cells in the body.

In case of plaque psoriasis, the immune system produces an excessive amount of several types of proteins, including one known as tumor necrosis factor. This makes the skin cells grow faster than normal, which, in turn, leads to buildup on the surface of the skin.
The exact trigger for this condition is unknown. The combination of environmental factors and genetic predisposition are believed to have an effect.
In terms of genetics, this type of psoriasis tends to run in families. But it’s important to note that not everyone with the genes linked to psoriasis develops this disease. Studies show that only around 3% of the people born with the gene linked to psoriasis ultimately get the disease.

Plaque psoriasis can develop in a person due to factors like

Smoking
Stress
Previous injuries to the skin
Bad sunburn
Underlying infections like strep throat
Certain medications like beta-blockers
Allergies

Environmental factors such as a change in the weather or diet can cause flare-ups or aggravate an existing episode. It is important to note that plaque psoriasis cannot be transferred from person to person.

Diagnosis
If you notice any of the above symptoms, do not try to self-medicate. You may be able to suppress the symptoms, but this can set the stage for further complications. Instead, consult a skin specialist at the earliest.

The doctor should be able to confirm a diagnosis by examining the patient’s medical history and visible symptoms. He/she may also want to know about the age at which the symptoms first emerged, the extent of the plaque patches, any medication you may be currently taking, previous treatments, and any other health issues you may be suffering from.

It may be categorized as mild, moderate or severe on the basis of the percentage of skin affected and the severity of the rash. The condition may be categorized as mild if it is present as only 1-2 patches. In some cases, a biopsy may be needed. This involves taking a small sample of skin cells and examining it under a microscope. Also, in the case of plaque psoriasis, the skin appears thicker and more inflamed than if it were merely a case of eczema.

Treatment options
Plaque psoriasis treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms. There are many types of treatment options available, and the best form depends on the severity of the disease and personal choices. Since the disease cannot be cured, treatment usually starts with the mildest form and progresses to stronger forms only as and when needed. Slowing down the turnover of skin cells with the least side effects is the priority.

The most common forms of treatment include

Topical ointments

They can help reduce inflammation and slow down the growth of skin cells. These ointments may or may not include steroids. Topical ointments are usually prescribed in cases where the patient has a few plaque sections on the skin. If the plaque affects the scalp, medicated shampoos may be used instead.

Phototherapy

This is advised in cases where the rash and plaque are more widespread. Phototherapy involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light for a specific duration of time under medical supervision. This must be repeated on a regular basis. UV light penetrates the skin and slows down the growth of infected skin cells. Treatment may be administered at the doctor’s office or in the patient’s home.

Systemic medications

In cases of severe inflammation, the doctor may prescribe systemic medications that calm the immune system and reduce the speed at which skin cells grow. Systemic medications should always be taken under medical supervision, be it intravenous or oral. This is because these medicines can have a number of serious side effects such as liver issues, depression, and an increased risk of skin cancer. If this type of medication is prescribed, the dosage should not be changed or stopped without the doctor’s advice.

Biological medications

Like systemic medications, biological ones also target the immune system. But these medications only target specific types of cells. They may also keep the proteins responsible for inflammation from being generated. However, biological medications can make it harder to fight infections.

Natural remedies
While natural remedies and alternate medication should not be used as the sole form of treatment against plaque psoriasis, these can be beneficial when administered along with conventional medication. These remedies include

Aloe vera
The gel from aloe vera is cooling and known to reduce inflammation. This gel can be bought in a store or extracted from the plant. It can be applied topically over the affected parts. To extract aloe vera gel, cut off a leaf from the plant from near the stem. Trim the edges of an aloe leaf and remove the hard outer skin. The gel can then be scooped up. Do not use any of the yellow sap. Fresh aloe gel should ideally be used right away.
Coal tar

When choosing a soap or shampoo, choose one that contains coal tar. Coal tar is beneficial since it helps relieve itchiness and reduces scales. Coal tar has no long term side effects, and hence, can be used for extended periods of time. However, pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using products with coal tar.

Fish oil
Fish oil is often used in combination with light therapy. The oil may be applied topically on the affected areas. It should then be covered with a dressing for 5-6 hours. Fish oil reduces inflammation and can improve scaling. This type of treatment may be continued for up to 4 weeks.
Essential oils

Stress is one of the major contributors to this condition. One of the ways to fight stress is by using essential oils that calm the mind. Lavender oil is the most common type of essential oil used to reduce stress. Alternatively, you could use Ylang Ylang oil, chamomile oil, jasmine oil, or clary sage oil. Keep a scent diffuser with a few drops of any one of these oils and water near your bed or your table.

Warm-water bath

When you bathe, do so with warm, and not hot, water as this could further aggravate the condition. Also, avoid using a sponge or loofah. Instead, use the palms of your hands to cleanse the skin. Use a gentle, unscented soap. After your bath, pat the skin dry with a soft towel and moisturize your skin with a hypoallergenic moisturizing cream.

Lifestyle changes

To fight the infection of plaque psoriasis, you must quit smoking and reduce your consumption of alcohol. Set a schedule for your day so that you go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, to improve the quality of your sleep. You should also avoid consuming caffeinated drinks in the evening.

Get some sun
Many people diagnosed with a form of psoriasis have a vitamin D deficiency. This is one vitamin that is not found in many food items. The richest form of vitamin D is sunlight. To increase your vitamin D levels, expose yourself to sunlight in the early mornings for a few minutes. Always use sunscreen before stepping out, to protect yourself against the risk of skin cancer.

Foods to have and avoid
The food you eat can influence the speed at which a plaque psoriasis flare-up spreads or subsides. Some types of food should be avoided as they can contribute to underlying conditions that increase the risk of psoriasis, while others that curb inflammation should be added to your diet.

These foods give you a better chance of preventing plaque psoriasis:

Omega-3-rich foods

These foods can help fight inflammation and reduce the severity of symptoms. This nutrient is found in oily fishes, beans, nuts, and seeds.

Antioxidants

They can reduce stress in the body and fight inflammation. Vitamins A, C, and E and minerals like copper, iron, selenium, zinc, and manganese are the best examples of antioxidants. There are vitamins and minerals present in vegetables, fruits, spices like peppermint and cloves, nuts, and herbs like oregano and sage.

Good fats

Not all fats are bad for the body. Nuts and avocados contain good fats that are needed to energize the body. That being said, these foods should be eaten in limited quantities.

You must avoid these foods to prevent plaque psoriasis:

Fatty foods

Avoid foods with high amounts of fat content to ensure weight management. This can reduce the severity of plaque psoriasis symptoms too.

Gluten

Many people who suffer from this psoriasis also have celiac disease. Thus, you should ideally avoid foods that contain gluten, such as wheat and wheat products, bread, beer, cornflakes, and processed foods.

Sugar

Sugar is high in calories and contains no nutritional value. It also contributes to weight gain and increases inflammation. Hence, it should be avoided as much as possible. Instead, you could use honey or jaggery to sweeten foods.

Long-term outlook
Plaque psoriasis is a common skin condition, and though it cannot be cured, the long term outlook is not one to cause too much worry. With medication and a few changes in your lifestyle and diet, it can be easily managed, so that the symptoms do not disrupt your life.

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An Overview Of Colon Polyps

An overview of colon polyps Colon polyps are small clumps of cells formed on the lining of the colon. The majority of these polyps tend to be harmless, but with time, there are certain polyps that can easily grow into colon cancer. This is a serious condition, especially when found in the later stages. Almost any individual can develop colon polyps. People who are over 50 years of age are at an increased risk of suffering from this condition. Even smokers and overweight individuals or people with a family or personal history of colon polyps might be at an increased risk of suffering from this condition. Colon polyps – causes are slightly known, but this condition rarely causes any symptoms. Therefore, for individuals who are at risk of developing the condition, it is important to have screening tests on a regular basis. These will include a colonoscopy. Polyps found in the early stages can conveniently be removed. They can be removed completely in a very safe manner. Regular screening is the best step for the prevention of colon polyps. What are the colon polyps – causes? Doctors do not exactly know the causes of colon polyps, but they are of the view that polyps are a result of abnormal tissue growth. The human body develops healthy cells in a periodic manner, thus replacing the old cells that tend to be damaged or are no longer required. The division and growth of these new cells is regulated. However, there are cases when the new cells develop and then divide before they are actually needed. It is this excessive growth that results in polyps. Packaged red meat is also one of the most common colon polyps – causes. Fiber deficiency in the body. High-fat diet taken in excessive amounts. Smoking cigarettes. Obesity is also one of the major colon polyps – causes. Inherited conditions such as Gardener syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome might also put an individual at an increased risk of having colon polyps. What signs and symptoms do colon polyps show? Majority of the individuals suffering from colon polyps do not show any symptoms. They are actually unaware of the fact that they have polyps, because they feel very well. Bleeding from the rectum is one of the most common symptoms of colon polyps. Blood in the stool can also be a sign of colon polyps. Blood might make stool look black, or there can be red streaks in stool. A feeling of tiredness due to anemia and not having sufficient iron in the body are common symptoms. It is the bleeding from the polyps that can result in an iron deficiency and anemia. Several other health issues might also result in these signs. Nevertheless, if rectum bleeding or blood in the stool are everyday phenomena, a consultation with a doctor is vital. How can colon polyps be prevented? Knowing the colon polyps – causes can help prevent the condition. However, there are other important steps that can be followed in trying to prevent this condition. They are as listed: Regular screenings. Lifestyle changes can also be of help in doing away with the colon polyps – causes, and, consequently, prevent them. Adopting healthy habits such as eating fruits, whole grains, and vegetables and reducing fat intake can help in the prevention of colon polyps. Limiting the intake of alcohol and quitting tobacco. Staying active physically and maintaining a healthy body weight is also important. When should one see a doctor? A general physician must be consulted in case of the following: Blood in the stool Abdominal pain Changes in bowel habits for more than a week It is important for one to have a word with their physician regarding their intake of vitamin D and calcium. This is because studies have proved that increasing the intake of food items rich in vitamin D and calcium can help prevent the recurrence of polyps. However, this is not completely clear. It is important to consider all the options, especially if one is at a very high risk of suffering from colon polyps.

The Types Of Colon Polyps And Their Prevention

The types of colon polyps and their prevention Growths that occur on the inner lining of the colon (large intestine) and usually protrude into the colon are known as colon polyps. They form when the genetic material within the cells that line the colon changes and becomes abnormal. Under normal circumstances, the immature cells that line the colon multiply, mature, and then die in a timely fashion. On the other hand, the genetic changes in the lining cells prevent the cells from maturing, and they don’t die. Resultantly, immature and genetically abnormal cells start accumulating in the colon, eventually resulting in the formation of polyps. This article intends to raise awareness about colon polyps, its types, symptoms, diagnosis, the colon polyps – causes, and more. What are the types of colon polyps? Inflammatory colon polyps : Also known as false polyps, it is mostly found in people who have inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. These polyps are inflammatory manifestations of IBD, are benign, and are unlikely to become cancerous. Adenomatous colon polyps : Also known as adenomas, this type of colon polyps make up about 70% of all polyps found in the colon. They can become cancerous, but the process takes years. Hyperplastic colon polyps : The term hyperplasia means fast growth, which indicates an abnormal increase in the number of cells resulting in the gross enlargement of the colon polyp. Despite the rapid growth, hyperplastic polyps have a low risk of turning cancerous. Villous adenoma : This type of colon polyp has a greater potential of becoming cancerous. It is estimated that approximately 30 percent of villous adenomas develop into a malignancy. These polyps require surgery for the removal of their cauliflower-like protrusions. What are the causes of colon polyps? Experts are not sure about the colon polyps – causes. However, the causes are believed to be a mix of environmental and genetic factors that result in an abnormal tissue growth. What are the known risk factors of colon polyps? Age : The risk of developing colon polyps tends to increase with age. Family history : A close relative with colon cancer or polyps raises the risk. Sex : Men have a slightly higher chance of developing polyps. Race : Black men and women have a higher risk. Alcohol : Alcohol consumption is closely linked to colon cancer risk and is known as one of the colon polyps – causes. Red meat : If not had in moderation, red meat can serve as one of the colon polyps – causes. Having too much red meat increases the risk of colorectal cancer as well. Lack of dietary fiber : A good intake of fiber has many benefits, including colon benefits. It decreases the risk of colon cancer. Smoking : Smoking increases the risk of all types of cancers, and colon polyps or cancer is no exception. Obesity : Obese people are at higher risk of developing colon polyps and cancer. How are colonic polyps diagnosed? The following tests help diagnose colon polyps: Colonoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Barium enema CT colonography Stool test What are the symptoms of colon polyps? Change in stool color Rectal bleeding Iron deficiency Anemia Change in bowel habits Abdominal pain Blood in the stool Fatigue How common are colon polyps? They are very common. They increase in prevalence as people age. If one has colon polyps, they are more likely to develop polyps elsewhere in the colon later. Only a small proportion of polyps cause symptoms or signs, which usually are the result of bleeding from the polyp. How can colon polyps be prevented? Adopt healthy habits : Adopt healthy habits and increase the intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Limit fat intake, alcohol consumption, and quit tobacco. Stay physically active and maintain a healthy weight. Avoid all the estimated colon polyps – causes. Seek advice if at high risk : If there’s a family history of colon polyps or its other risk factors affect one, seeking prompt medical advice and counseling is important. With regular colonoscopies, one can prevent the colon polyps – causes from developing, and hence preventing the colon from developing.

Carcinoid Neuroendocrine Tumors – Prognosis And Life Expectancy

Carcinoid neuroendocrine tumors – Prognosis and life expectancy The neuroendocrine system is a complex regulatory mechanism comprised of cells spread throughout several organ systems, including our lungs and digestive system. As they have characteristics of both nerves and endocrine cells, they are called neuroendocrine cells. The nerve cells transmit signals using electrical impulses, whereas endocrine cells make thyroid and insulin-secreting glands. This article intends to discuss the carcinoid neuroendocrine tumor that starts in these cells in detail. What is a carcinoid neuroendocrine tumor? A carcinoid neuroendocrine tumor starts in the cells of the hormone-producing organs in our body. A carcinoid tumor is a type of neuroendocrine tumor that most commonly arises in the gastrointestinal system, which includes intestines, stomach, and esophagus. Carcinoid tumors account for about 1% to 2% of lung cancers. As carcinoid tumors originate from tissue that produces hormones, the main side effect of the condition is the inappropriate release of various hormones in the bloodstream. Carcinoid neuroendocrine tumor can arise in a number of locations categorized into three areas: the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Lungs and stomach form the foregut area. The midgut comprises of the small intestine, colon, and appendix. The hindgut includes the end of the large bowel, the rectum, and genitourinary tract organs (ovaries and testes). What factors raise a person’s risk of developing a carcinoid tumor? A family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 : This hereditary condition increases an individual’s risk of developing tumors in the pituitary gland, pancreas, and parathyroid gland. Age : Age seems to be a major factor that plays an integral role, as children rarely develop carcinoid tumors; the average diagnosis age is 55 to 65 years for this condition. Race and gender : Carcinoid tumors are more common among black people than white people, and black men have a higher risk than black women. White men and women have the same risk levels, and after treatment, women tend to live longer. Other medical conditions : Some medical conditions that damage the stomach and reduce acid production increase the risk of developing a carcinoid neuroendocrine tumor. What are the symptoms of a carcinoid tumor? Signs and symptoms of a carcinoid neuroendocrine tumor depend on where the tumor develops: Carcinoid tumors in the lungs : The symptoms of a tumor in the lungs are chest pain, wheezing, diarrhea, shortness of breath, skin flushing (redness and a feeling of warmth on the face and neck), weight gain, particularly around the midsection and back, and pink or purple marks on the skin, which look like stretch marks. Carcinoid tumors in the digestive tract : The symptoms, in this case, are abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, intestinal blockage, causing an inability to pass stool, rectal bleeding and pain, and skin flushing. What are some effective management tips for the symptoms of carcinoid neuroendocrine tumors? Facial flushing : Avoid stress and ask your doctor about specific foods that cause facial flushing so that you can avoid them. Diarrhea : Ask your doctor for anti-diarrheal medication. Wheezing : Ask for medication that relaxes muscles in the lungs to make breathing easier. Heart problems : Discuss your heart issues with your doctor so that they can prescribe diuretics, which lower the blood pressure. Carcinoid syndrome : Use octreotide on prescription, which is the most effective medication to treat carcinoid syndrome. What is the prognosis for carcinoid neuroendocrine tumor? Carcinoid neuroendocrine tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign carcinoid tumors are small and can be removed completely. They don’t come back and don’t spread to other parts of the body. They don’t produce any symptoms as well. Malignant carcinoid tumors are large, and their cells can invade and damage the surrounding tissues and organs. Additionally, malignant cells can enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system and can even form new tumors in other parts of the body. Lymph nodes, lungs, bone liver, and skin are the common sites for carcinoid metastases. Carcinoid tumors grow slowly in comparison to other cancers, such as lung, colon, pancreas, or liver cancer. Patients with larger malignant carcinoid tumors (with or without metastasis) can survive and have a good quality of life after proper treatment. Adenocarcinoids, a rare form of carcinoid tumors, are more aggressive than the typical malignant carcinoid tumors.

What Are The First Signs Of Liver Damage

Liver damage – What are the first signs? On the right side of the abdomen, below your rib cage, is an organ called the liver. It is the size of a football and is one of the most important organs in the human body. The liver aids in the digestion of the food we eat and also helps in flushing out the toxins from our body. When there is any kind of disturbance in the normal liver functioning, then it can cause a significant damage to the human body. Once you start exhibiting the signs of liver damage, it is important to get the exact diagnosis and take the next steps accordingly. What are the causes of liver damage? There can be a number of causes for liver damage: Liver infection is one of the most common causes of liver damage. Viruses and parasites can cause infections that affect the normal functioning of the liver. Hepatitis is the most common liver infection, which includes Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. Some diseases will affect your immune system thereby damaging your liver too. This is called autoimmune hepatitis. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis are of the same kind. If you have inherited an abnormal gene from any of your parents or family members, it can lead to a build up of various substances in the body and hence can damage the liver. Build up of liver cancer can be a cause. A person who is an alcohol addict is more prone to liver damage. What are the first signs of liver damage? There can be several signs of a liver damage. Here are 10 signs of liver damage that you need to pay attention to: Your eyes and skin turning yellow, which is usually a sign of jaundice. Abdominal swelling and pain are also symptoms of liver damage that you should watch out. Your ankles and legs begin to swell.. Your urine becomes dark yellow in color. There can be many reasons for dark yellow urine, but it can also be a sign of liver damage. Excessively itchy skin is also a symptom of liver damage. Loss of appetite. Getting bruises easily as your liver fails to create proteins needed for blood clotting. Vomiting and nausea for no reason. Blood in the stool or pale stool. Chronic fatigue. How is liver damage diagnosed? In order to get started with the liver damage treatment, it is very important to diagnose the symptoms of liver damage correctly. In order to start the diagnoses, your doctor will start with a physical examination, followed by requesting details of your health history. Liver function tests, which are blood tests will be done at the initial stage. MRI Scan and CT scan kind of image tests are done. Tissue analysis is also done to get an accurate idea of the problem . How is liver damage treated? The treatment for the liver damage depends on the type and severity of damage. Some stages can be treated with just slight modifications to the diet and lifestyle like weight reduction, no smoking or alcohol. Further stages will require medication and severe condition will need a surgery. If your liver has failed completely, then you will have to go for a liver transplant, which is an expensive and time consuming process. How can liver damage be prevented? Certain changes in your lifestyle can prevent liver damage. You need to stop drinking alcohol or only drink a moderate amount to decrease pressure on your liver. Get vaccinated to prevent getting hepatitis infections. When you are spraying insecticides or other aerosol sprays, make sure that you cover your nose and also make sure to protect your skin. You need to maintain a healthy weight as there are chances of fatty liver damage as well. You should take only medicine that is prescribed to you and make sure that you do not take any medicine in excess or without talking to your doctor.